KNYGOTYRA T. 34

Redaktorių kolegija:

Doc. dr. Audronė Glosienė, Vilniaus universitetas
Doc. dr. Osvaldas Janonis, Vilniaus universitetas
Prof. habil. dr. Domas Kaunas (vyr. redaktorius), Vilniaus universitetas
Prof. habil. dr. Maria Kocójowa, Krokuvos Jogailos universitetas
Dr. Ingė Lukšaitė, Lietuvos istorijos institutas
Doc. dr. Juozas Marcinkevičius, Lietuvos mokslų akademijos biblioteka
Doc. dr. Elena Macevičiūtė (ats. sekretorė), Vilniaus universitetas
Prof. Krzysztof Migoń, Vroclavo universitetas
Dr. Aušra Navickienė, Vilniaus universitetas
Prof. habil. dr. Engelbert Plassmann, Berlyno Humboldto universitetas
Prof. dr. Paul Richardson, Oksfordo Brookes universitetas
Doc. dr. Baiba Sporane, Latvijos universitetas

Turinys

Straipsniai

SONDRA RANKELIENĖ. Lietuviškos marginalijos XVIII-XIX amžiaus knygose
IRENA BALČIENĖ. Juzefo Jasinskio asmeninė biblioteka
NIJOLĖ LIETUVNINKAITĖ. Kauno lietuviškos knygos leidybos pradžia XIX amžiuje
VIOLETA ČERNIAUSKAITĖ. Knygotyros klausimai 1904-1914 metų lietuviškoje spaudoje
NINA VOROBJOVA. Tartu universiteto bibliotekos senosios lietuvių knygos (rusų k.)
GRAŽINA NARBUTAITĖ. Vertėjos Barboros Mejeraitės knygų rinkinys
JURGITA BALTRONAITĖ. XX amžiaus Lietuvos bibliofilai: J. Kirlys, V. Burkevičius, P. Jakštas
JULIJA ČEPYTĖ, ŽIVILĖ GARNIENĖ. "Moterų balsas" - pirmasis moterims skirtas laikraštis nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje
ROBERT DARNTON. Kas yra knygos istorija? / iš anglų kalbos vertė R. Kriaučiūnienė ir A. Navickienė
KRZYSZTOF MIGOŃ. Šiuolaikinės knygos istoriografijos aspektai / iš vokiečių kalbos vertė L. Citavičiūtė
OSVALDAS JANONIS. Universalios sisteminės klasifikacijos valstybinėje bibliografinėje apskaitoje

Publikacijos

DOMAS KAUNAS, HANS MASALSKIS. Paskutinis Lietuvių literatūros draugijos narių sąrašas

Recenzijos

VITA MOZŪRAITĖ. Populiari knyga apie skaitybą

S A N T R A U K O S

Litauische marginalien in den büchern des 16.-19. Jahrhunderts

SONDRA RANKELIENĖ

Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyrius, Universiteto g. 3, 2734 Vilnius, Lietuva

Die Marginalien sind handschriftliche Randbemerkungen in den Handschriften und Büchern. Die Marginalien haben die Leser oder Bücherbesitzer meistens in den Büchern geschrieben. Die handschriftlichen Randbemerkungen in alten für verschiedene Wissenschaften interessant. Die Marginalien in litauischer Sprache sind für die üchern sind besonders litauische Geschichte, Philologie, Forschungen der litauischen Leser interessant. Es gibt nicht sehr viele alte ür Marginalien in der litauischen Sprache des 16.bekannt. Diese Marginalien sollen registriert und - 18. Jahrhunderts publiziert sein.

Die Marginalien wurden aus den Bgesammelt. Diese Bücher sind jetzt in der üchern des 16.-19. Jahrhunderts Rara-Abteilung der Universität Vilnius. Man hat in diesen Büchern sehr viele litauische Marginalien gefunden. Meistens waren das die religiPsalmen, Gebete. Manche Menschen haben in den Büchern verschiedene Lieder, ösen Texte: Geschichte, Sprichwanderen machten in den Büchern wirtschaftliche Bemerkungen. Die örter eingeschrieben, die Sprache und Grammatik der Marginalien ist ganz alt und interessant: jetzt kann man diese Sprache fast verstehen. Es ist noch eine Schwierigkeit mit der Marginalienforschung: meistens sind diese Marginalien kaum lesbar, weil der Text schon lange geschrieben ist und die Buchstaben nicht mehr sehen kann. Doch können diese litauischen Marginalien uns sehr viel Information Sprache und damalige Sitten geben.

Private library of Joseph Jasinski

IRENA BALČIENĖ

Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyrius, Universiteto g. 3, 2734 Vilnius, Lietuva

We have some knowledge of the first private libraries in Lithuania from the end of XIV century.

The present article deals with the private books collection of Joseph Jasinski (?-1560), archidiacon of Vilnius, nobleman, mecenas etc. He had a big collection of rare books and donated it to his nephew Nicolaus Jasinski (?-1600), canon of Vilnius. N. Jasinski encreased the private collection and donated to the Vilnius bernardines cloister. After the Russian government closed the cloister (in 1864) the library was dispersed. The majority of these books were transfered to Vilnius University Library. There are seven books of Joseph Jasinski in Vilnius University Library: 2 incunabula, 4 paleotypes and one book printed in 1551. They are described in the article with special focus on provenencies, binding evidence, contains of books.

One of J. Jasinski books now is held in the Library of academy of sciensies in Sanct Petersburg. The First Statute of Lithuania (Kodeks Olszewski) handwritten copy from 1550 was also in the private collection of J. Jasinski. Now this manuscript book is held in the National Library of Poland (Warsaw). It is possible that some other books of J. Jasinski would be found in libraries of Lithuania, Poland or Russia.

The present article is the first etempt to draw attention to J. Jasinski’s private book collection.

The start of publishing of Lithuanianbook in Kaunas in the 19th century

NIJOLĖ LIETUVNINKAITĖ

Kauno technologijos universiteto biblioteka, K. Donelaičio g. 20, 3682 Kaunas, Lietuva

The publication of Lithuanian book in Kaunas started very late - in the middle of the 19th century. Meanwhile the history of the book in Great Lithuania already has been continuing for several centuries.

This situation was determined by historical, social and economic conditions. Kaunas in the beginning of the 19th century was the very mid-province of Russian empire where was not found any printing house, book-shop or library. When the town became the center of Kaunas government here settled 2 printing houses and has been published the official newspaper "Kovenskije gubernskije vedomosti" ("The News of Kaunas Government"). The appearance of the first Lithuanian book "Regulas …" was initiated, issued and dissaminated free of charge by the institutions of czar’s authority. In this little book there were presented instructions and advices for the state peasants about specific features of cholera, its epidemic spreading and precautionary measures and means of medical treatment under home conditions.

This printing is one of means of the fight cholera epidemic which began in 1848 in Kaunas government. The most of government people were Lithuanians, therefore czar’s authority was forced to issue the instructions in Lithuanian. This small book became the first care of public health edition in Great Lithuania. The second shortened edition appeared in 1852 when cholera epidemic has recurred.

In the 19th century were printed only 9 Lithuanian printed matters. After "Regulas …" had appeared 3 ABC books, some small printings. When the printing was prohibited 3 of them were published in Russian alphabet.

The printing of Lithuanian book in Kaunas revived and started intensive way of development by getting back the Lithuanian press in the beginning of the 20th century.

Book science issues in lithuanian press in 1904-1914

VIOLETA ČERNIAUSKAITĖ

Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros katedra, Universiteto g. 3, 2734 Vilnius, Lietuva

New opportunities for professional background to various fields of the national culture and science emerged, when the prohibition against the Lithuanian press was lifted. The increasing attention to the history of language and literature with predominated patriotic propositions in a short time from 1904 to 1914 becomes more scientific and special in connection with urgent training or research interests. The evolution of writing and book history at that time was also directed by well-known tradition of biographical and bibliographical literary works, such as literary histories, prepared by Maironis, J. Gabrys and the most professional press analysis in "Prūsų lietuvių laikraščiai" (Lithuanian newspapers in Prussia) (1914) by A. Bruožis. The beginning of the rebirth of Lithuanian nation was the first time directly connected with the development of the national literature and book history facts in a historical review "Lietuvos atgijimas" ("The Revival of Lithuania", 1911) by S. Tijūnaitis.

The most important contribution to the literary historiography progress made M. Biržiška with his efforts to describe and analyse literature history processes on a large scale of comprehensible historical-cultural context. The necessity to publish the full text of Catholic Bible translation some continuous research activity in this field turned to the book history problems, which was more detailed discussed by J. Reitelaitis and J. Skvireckas.

A great role in the determination of strategy for further book investigations and literary studies devoted to the Lithuanian Society of Education, founded in 1907. This Society publicated a first Lithuanian scientific periodical "Lietuvių Tauta", gathered much valuable archaeological, ethnographical material, collected old manuscripts, books, other documents and seeking for a new methods of completing all Lithuanian editions in the library, arranged an extraordinary exhibition of almost 2500 publications from 1883 to 1914 and coordinated special program for ten year Lithuanian press anniversary, which primarily stimulated more active discussions on book study problems in press. The most significant material was publicated in "Viltis", "Lietuvos ūkininkas", "Lietuvos žinios", "Šaltinis" and other periodicals.

A further fact of importance was special summary "Pirmutinės 10-ies metų spaudos atgavimo sukaktuvės" (1914), compiled by A. Jakštas-Dambrauskas, who wanted to emphasise most valuable works. An analysis of this publications indicated that a particular attention was given to the press ban situation on the second half of the 19th century, for such important facts of resistance as ignorance of books in Russian script and organization publication and distribution abolished literature, especially noted the first Lithuanian newspaper "Aušra" for his outstanding service for a national movement. At the same time first general characterizations of the Lithuanian book publishing activity in 1904-1914 appeared among a great number of various publications in press, devoted to different problems of book editing, production, printing, distribution and reading. Taking into account, that the development of the Lithuanian press at the beginning of XX century was called as "epidemic of newspapership", it becomes self-evident, why periodicals had been examinated more intensive on historical, bibliographical, publishing, sociological and other subjects.

Because of the competition for spheres of influence between opposite ideological positions represented in press, in a large number of literary and book study publications were reflected very different attitudes to the same historical and cultural events. But it should be pointed out, that during this time have been made first attempts to characterize book history and publishing processes to the full extent without chronological or territorial limits.

Tartu universiteto bibliotekos senosios lietuvių knygos

NINA VOROBJOVA

Tartu university library, Struve St., EE 2400 Tartu, Estonia

Tikslinga senosios lietuvių knygos paieška Tartu universiteto fonduose vyko rengiant jubiliejinę parodą, skirtą spausdintos lietuviškos knygos 450 metų jubiliejui. Vertingiausios yra XVII-XVIII amžiaus knygos lietuvių kalba (Psalteras Dowido, Naujasis testamentas, Biblia), nes jų išliko nedaug egzempliorių. Nuo antrosios XIX amžiaus pusės biblioteka reguliariai ir tikslingai komplektavo lietuviškų dainų rinkinius ir lietuvių kalbos vadovėlius, išleistus Lietuvoje ir už jos ribų. Įdomus yra ir panegirikos Aleksandrui I tekstas, sukurtas pergalės prieš Napoleoną garbei, išleistas 63 kalbomis ir L. G. Rėzos išverstas į lietuvių kalbą.

1842 m. uždarius Medicinos ir chirurgijos akademiją, Tartu universiteto bibliotekai buvo perduoti 498 tomai, anksčiau priklausę Vilniaus universitetui. Tarp jų yra knygų iš J. Sniadeckio rinkinio. 1855 m. Tartu universiteto biblioteka Kijevo aukcione įsigijo dubletų - buvusiai Medicinos ir chirurgijos akademijai priklaususias 23 knygas. Retiesiems leidiniams skirtina knyga su arkivyskupo Albinijaus superekslibrisu ir dvi L. K. Sapiegos rinkinio knygos su dovanojimo Vilniaus universitetui įrašu.

Book collection of the translator Barbora Mejeraitė

GRAŽINA NARBUTAITĖ

Šiaulių "Aušros" muziejus, Vytauto g. 89, 5400 Šiauliai, Lietuva

Barbora Mejeraitė (1898-1982), translator and pedagogue, in 1922-1948 worked as a teacher in the provinces, taught languages, social, natural and exact sciences. She had collected a large, multilingual, universal library, used by her relatives, friends, pupils. After the owner’s death, the library was lost, only 39 volumes in Italian, French and German reached the museum "Aušra" in Šiauliai. The article includes their topical analysis, interesting creations or volumes, having been published repeatedly, of famous, titled authors. The books were published by 16 publishing houses in 1863-1935. Some more important French publishing houses, the production of which was owned by the translator are mentioned also. Almost all the preserved books of B. Mejeraitė have got some mark or inscription of their ownership. These seals and autographs belong not only to the translator herself, but also to the former owners, people of means, Italian libraries. This collection of the books gives us some view of the full personal translator’s library and lets us to understand its cultural value.

Lithuanian bibliophiles in the twentieth century: J. Kirlys, V. Burkevičius, P. Jakštas

JURGITA BALTRONAITĖ

Vilniaus universitetas, Universiteto g. 3, 2734 Vilnius, Lietuva

Bibliophilia is the important part of the national culture, but the history of Lithuanian bibliophilia was not studied enough yet. In this work the activity of three book collectors of XX th century - Jonas Kirlys, Vilhelmas Burkevičius and Petras Jakštas - is examined. The analysis of activity of these book collectors confirmes the supposition that the character of their activity reflects basic tendencies of XXth century bibliophilia. Their work was influenced by complicated and contradictory conditions of Lithuanian political and cultural life. J. Kirlys, V. Burkevičius, P. Jakštas, as well as other bibliophiles, collected they libraries in to stages, because their first book sets were lost or suffered during The First and Second World Wars. Later these bibliophiles made up significant specialized book collections, that reflected proffesional and personal interests of its owners. J. Kirlys, V. Burkevičius and P. Jakštas are characterised by diverse bibliophile activity: they analized Lithuanian press and bibliophilia history, V. Burkevičius and P. Jakštas were members of bibliophile organization "XXVII knygos mėgėjų draugija", J. Kirlys arranged exhibitions of Lithuanian periodical press, established the first Lithuanian Press Museum.

The bibliophiles registered their books, they had their own book signs. The collections of J. Kirlys, V. Burkevičius and P. Jakštas are scatterd. Only complete description of the funds of private libraries would give the rich material for the history of the bibliophilia in Lithuania.

"Moterų balsas" (women’s voice) - the first newspaper for women in independent Lithuania

JULIJA ČEPYTĖ, ŽIVILĖ GARNIENĖ

Vilniaus universiteto Kauno humanitarinio fakulteto Informatikos katedra, Muitinės g. 8, 3000 Kaunas, Lietuva

Periodicals for women appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century. It was initiated by the national revival, more active women’s movement, the foundation of the first women’s organizations. The first newspaper for women in Lithuania was "Lietuvaitė" ("A Lithuanian girl"), first published in 1910 until 1914. The first newspaper for women in independent Lithuania was "Moterų balsas" ("Women’s Voice"), which was considered to continue "Lietuvaitė" tradition. The issue of both the papers was initiated by the Society of Lithuanian Women Catholics and the priest professor P. Januševičius. Both, the priest and the Society activists deserve a praise for the development of periodicals for women.

"Moterų balsas", which was the paper of the Society of Lithuanian Women Catholics was published in Kaunas beginning with the second half of July 1918. There appeared six issues. The aim of the paper was to serve women’s needs, their education, and the defence of their rights, the needs of Lithuania, regarding the experience of women throughout the world. The editor of the paper was Z. Čalkytė (1898-1920), the most active coeditor was priest P. Januševičius.

"Moterų balsas", which existed only half a year, was the basis for the further development of periodicals for women in Lithuania in 1918-1940. The newspaper "Moteris", ("Women") was its sequel, published by the Society of Lithuanian Women Catholics in 1920-1940.

What is the history of books?

ROBERT DARNTON

Prinstono universiteto Istorijos departamentas, JAV

The article presents the Lithuanian translation (made by R. Kriaučiūnienė and A. Navickienė) of the publication "What is the History of Books?" by Robert Darnton. R. Darnton is a world-known book historian working at the History Department of Princeton University in the United States. For the first time author’s theoretical reflections on the question what is the histiry of books were publicized in the conference "Books and Society in history", which took place in Boston on 24-28 of June, 1980. In English this material is published in the proceedings of the conference - Books and Society in history / Ed. By K. E. Carpenter. New York; London, 1983. XXIII, 254 p., and in the journal of American Academy of Arts and Sciences - Daedalus (CXI (1982), Nr. 3, p. 65-83).

Aspekte der heutigen buchgeschichtsschreibung

KRZYSZTOF MIGOŃ

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Bibliotekoznawstwa, 50-137 Wrocław, pl. Uniwersytecki 9 / 13, Polska

Die historische Forschung zum Buch entwickelte sich im Rahmen der verschiedenen Disziplinen: erstens als "notitia (historia) librorum", "historia litteraria", "bibliographia" u. a., dann als ein Teil der Literatur-, Wissenschafts-, Kultur-, sogar Technikgeschichte. Es entstand auch, vor allem auf Grund der Inkunabelforschung, eine autonome Buchhistorigraphie. Die günstige Wirkung auf die weitere Entwicklung der Disziplin hatte die Kristallisierung der Buchwissenschaft (Bibliologie) und der Bibliothekswissenschaft.

Die heutige erkenntnistheoretische Lage der Buchgeschichtsschreibung ist von ihrer Selbständigkeit der ihrem Unterordnen den anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen /Buch- und Bibliothekswissenschaft, Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften u.s. bestimt. Verschiedene Sonderprobleme der Buchgeschichte sind dauernd Forschungsgegenstände vieler historischen und philologischen Disziplinen.

Innerhalb der Buchgeschichtsschreibung von heute gehen parallel Prozeße der Integration und der Desintegration vorwärts. Es entwickelte und bereicherte sich das Begriffsapparat der Disziplin. Sie erforscht nicht nur das Buch als eine besondere Zusammenstellung der materiellen Form und des geistigen Inhalts, aber auch die Prozeße der Herstellung, der Verbreitung und der Rezeption des Buches, und, in der Folge, die gesamte Buchkultur der Vergangenheit.

Es enstanden die nationalen Schulen der Buchhistoriographie (z. B. "école franēaise d’histoire du livre"), die die eigenen Merkmäle und Besonderheiten haben. Im weltlichen Maßstab ist für die heutige Buchgeschichtsschreibung eine neue organisatorische Situation und die Institutionalisierung der Forschung charakteristisch. Die Forschung zur Geschichte des Buches bringt der gesamten Humanistik wertvolle Daten und Verallgemeinerungen.