PSICHOLOGIJA. (Psychology) 1998, vol. 18The annual journal of Vilnius University. Founded in 1980. The articles are published in Lithuanian and other languages. |
The editorial board:
Eglė Rimkutė, Vilnius University
Danguolė Beresnevičienė, Vilnius Pedagogical University
Danutė Gailienė, Vilnius University
Albina Kepalaitė, Šiauliai Pedagogical University
Feliksas Laugalys, Vilnius University
Virginijus Lepeška, Vilnius University
Birutė Pociūte, Vilnius University
Aldona Palujanskienė, Vytautas Magnus University
Mindaugas Rugevičius, Klaipėdos University
Contact Address:
Didlaukio 47, Vilnius 2057, Lithuania
RASA RUDYTĖ
Organizacinės psichologijos magistrantė
Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos
katedra
Didlaukio g. 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 26 25 71, 76 18 90
RŪTA SARGAUTYTĖ
Socialinių mokslų daktarė (psichologijos kr.)
Vilniaus universiteto Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos katedros vyr. asistentė
Didlaukio 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
El. paštas: rutasarg@pub.osf.lt.
The suicide rate is increasing in Lithuania, therefore it is very important to estimate the reasons of suicides in the target age groups. The aim of this study was to appraise the social environment, chronic illness and some demographic characteristics as the suicidal risk factors in elderly. The suicidal risk was assessed by Purpose in Life Test, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Chronic Illness Problem Inventory and a Semi-structured interview.
Sixty chronically ill subjects from 60 to 80 years old were assessed, 30 of them residing privately or with their families, and other 30 - in governmental institutions for the care of elderly. The suicidal risk in the elderly was estimated as high. Various chronic illnesses caused problems in daily and social activity, interrupted relationships with family members and friends. Elderly residing in boarding houses experienced significantly lower feeling of the purpose in life, higher hopelessness level and more severe psychosocial problems. Singleness, absence of children and/or grandchildren decreased the psychological well-being and enhanced suicidal risk in elderly, especially those residing in boarding houses.
VACLOVAS MARTIŠIUS
Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Psichologijos
katedros docentas
Donelaičio 52, LT-3000 Kaunas
SIGUTĖ MARTINKEVIČIŪTĖ
Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Psichologijos
katedros magistrantė
Donelaičio 52, LT-3000 Kaunas
The experimental data confirms viewpoint that individuals who receive the same outcome in negotiations estimate it as a relative success or failure depending on their minimum acceptable and maximum probable outcomes. The results of study also indicate that maximum probable outcome influence negotiators' feeling success more that minimum acceptable result. The interaction between minimum acceptable and maximum probable outcomes demonstrates that effects of variables on success aren't additive.
AUKSĖ ENDRIULAITIENĖ
VDU psichologijos katedros doktorantė
Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Psichologijos katedra
Dolelaičio g. 52, LT-3000 Kaunas
Tel./faks. 22 62 23, 20 50 82
El. paštas: aukse_endriulaitiene@fc.vdu.lt
It was noticed that there are not consistent findings about specificity in risky decision-making among women and men. For this reason, the research of gender differences in risky decision-making and the perception of risk was conducted. Two different techniques (paired-comparisons method and choosing risky or safe decision of problem situation) were used in order to find if men are more risk-taking than women and if they rate risky work situations in the same manner as women. The subjects were ninety working students from Lithuanian universities. The results were inconsistent. In some cases men were more risk-taking than women, but the ratings of risky work situations were very similar for both - men and women. The advantages and limitations of the research, possible reasons for inconsistent results were discussed and the suggestions for future research were given.
JONAS PACEVIČIUS
Socialinių mokslų daktaras (psichologijos kr.),
docentas
Šiaulių universiteto Psichologijos katedros vedėjas
Višinskio 25, LT-5400 Šiauliai
Tel. 43 46 68, faks. 43 54 59
The method of longitudinal study of everyday emotions was used here. 77 Ss using special forms and experiment - based list of emotional terms had been registering their everyday emotions chronologically for two, three or four weeks. Individual and group data were obtained concerning the duration of four basic modalities of emotions (joy, anger, fear, grief) and tranquility states, and their relations to the type of everyday activities. Intercorrelation analysis of modal and other emotional parameters (sign, intensity, stability) was carried out.
KĘSTUTIS DRAGŪNEVIČIUS
Bendrosios ir pedagoginės psichologijos katedra
Universiteto 3, 2734, Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71
El. paštas: agurkas@altavista.net
GRAŽINA GINTILIENĖ
Bendrosios ir pedagoginės psichologijos katedra
Sociologijos mokslų daktarė (psichologijos kr.)
Tel./faks. 76 25 71
El. paštas: grazina.gintilienė@fsf.vu.lt
This paper refers to the psychometric properties of IST-70 (Intelligence Structure Test). The aim of investigation was to evaluate the reliability and validity of A and B forms of IST-70 for the Lithuanian population of 12th grade children (sample of 295 schoolchildren). The obtained data show that there are significant differences between the results of Lithuanian 12th grade schoolchildren and German standartization sample of the same age. Analysis of results show that some psychometric properties of IST-70 can not meet strict psychometric criteria for tests. Item analysis show there are many of subtests which have nondiscriminating items. Also there was found very little subtests of IST-70 met the criteria of reliability. Many correlational links were established between the results of subtests also. The factor analysis of results showed the
A form of IST-70 has no theoretically clear factorial structure while the B form has two hypothetical factors: verbal material and nonverbal material. The origina of this factors still remains unexplained.
IRENA MARAZAITĖ
Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto
Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos katedros magistrantė
Didlaukio 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
RIMANTAS KOCIŪNAS
Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto
Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos katedros vedėjas
Didlaukio 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
El. paštas: kociunas@pub.osf.lt
In dieser Arbeit haben wir eine Frage gestellt, wie junge Leute jetzt eine Demut verstehen, wie erleben und welche Bedeutung das für sie hat. Unsere Ziele waren: die Definition des Phänomens der Demut zu bilden, das Verstehen und die Erfahrung der Demut von gläubigen und ungläubigen jungen Leuten zu vergleichen.
In der Forschung haben 20 Jugendlichen von 21 bis 27 Jahre alt teilgenommen, von denen 12 gläubig und 8 ungläubig sind. Texte über die Demut, die wir durch das Gespräch bekamen, wurden phänomenologisch analysiert (nach Prozedur A. Giorgi). Unseren Daten nach, demütig sein bedeutet für Teilnehmer unserer Forschung jemandem den Vortritt lassen, das nur äußerliche Handlung oder auch innere Position sein kann. Für gläubige Jugendlichen bedeutet die Demut eine Position dem Gott gegenüber. Sie umfaßt oft auch Beziehungen mit den Anderen, mit der Realität, mit sich selbst. Ihr Verstehen der Demut entspricht dem religiösen Verstehen. Demütig sein bedeutet für sie ruhig, zufrieden, freudig sein, Demut hängt für sie mit der Liebe und dem Vertrauen zusammen. Ungläubige Jugendliche verstehen die Demut wie äußerliche Handlung in zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen. Demütig sein bedeutet für sie eine Niederlage erleiden, sich ergeben, aber solches Benehmen halten sie nötig, um sich anzupassen. Sie erleben dabei innere Spannung, Schwäche, fühlen sich verlieren und unzufrieden.
SAULĖ BUZAITĖ
Vilniaus universiteto Klinikinės ir socialinės
psichologijos katedros doktorantė
Didlaukio g 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
The paper covers three major theoretical approches on dreams that now dominate in analytical psychology. Modifications of Jung's original ideas could create some problems dealing with dream material to those who are not familiar with the present situation so the purpose of this paper is to clear up the pecularities characteristic to each theoretical approach. Clinical case report and qualitative data analysis forms methodological basis of the three level interpretation of dreams selected during the course of depth oriented psychotherapy. This method was chosen as the most appropriate dealing with the clinical material.
AISTĖ VALIONIENĖ
Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto
Klinikinės ir socialinės Psichologijos katedros Organizacinės psichologijos
specialybės magistrantė,
Didlaukio 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
El. paštas: valionis_arturas@hotmail.com
The issue that is to be discussed in this paper is the phenomenon of "self-presentation", which refers to the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them. Since the impressions people make on others have implications for how others perceive, evaluate and treat them, as well as for their own views of themselves, people sometimes behave in ways that will create certain impressions in others' eyes.
Four main self-presentation strategies can be distinguished. Each of them determines the character and direction of the interpersonal relationships in different ways. The choice of the particular self-presentation strategy and the degree to which individuals are motivated to control how others perceive them are affected by a number of situational, external, and dispositional variables.
The aim of the discussion on self-presentation strategies and their determinants presented in this article is to provide coherence to the literature in the area and supply a framework for empirical research regarding self-presentation.
RIMANTAS KOČIŪNAS
Socialinių mokslų daktaras (psichologijos kr.)
docentas
Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto, Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos
katedros vedėjas
Didlaukio g. 47, LT-2057 Vilnius
Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90
El. paštas: kociunas@pub. osf.lt
The tendencies of contemporary humanistic psychology are discussed. It is stated that humanistic psychology has been showing lately certain signs of exhaustion, of its break with reality of human life, which is dominated not by unlimited possibilities of self-realization, but rather by evident inner and outer limitations. The conseguences of the prevailingly optimistic view of man, widespread is humanistic psychology, to the psychotherapic practice are duscussed.
It is stressed that existential psychology should be considered more realistic, since is oriented not towards a man as an accumulation of various properties, features, processes and structures, but rather towards the dynamics of his life.